The historical context of the Dutch Tulip Craze of the 1630s is re-examined, highlighting that the crash was driven by the invention of contract-based trading rather than the flowers themselves. The peak of the speculation coincided with the Black Plague, which killed many primary traders and left the market in the hands of inexperienced successors. This led to a 1637 bailout where trades could be unwound for a 10% fee.





