57:13 And the Russians have been very helpful in Central Asia with the issue of counterterrorism as we've been helpful to them along with our military intelligence CIA. But let me go a little bit backwards. So under the Carter administration, I was asked by Eagle Burger, he was the only one who remained, but he was a career Foreign Service officer, an excellent man, became our ambassador to Yugoslavia. And then I had a very nice gentleman come in who was at that time my boss named Ben Reed. mainline Philadelphia family lovely and and I really enjoyed both Ben Reed and his boss Cyrus Vance and and they kind of understood what I was about they were lawyers and they understood well a psychiatrist has some impact here and what happened to
58:03 domestically really changed the course of my own career and the course of how I got involved in overseas issues. And let me tell you what happened. In 1977 or 78, Jimmy Carter had created a situation where three different buildings were being held by a gentleman named, by a gentleman who was part of what was called the Hanafi Muslim, black Muslims And the reason he held 150 hostages in three buildings and he has shot a couple people. was the fact that he had seen his child being drowned by a ferrican and the black Muslims. So it was an internal fight between the black Muslims and a sect called the Hanafi Muslim. Now, I was not privy to the beginning of the situation of the hostage siege. And a gentleman by the name of Earl Silbert, whom I knew and was friendly with, had been the prosecutor
59:01 He calmed me in and this was after about 10 hours of... And where is this taking place? In Washington DC. Right, in three buildings, the mosque, City Hall, and B'nai B'rith. So it was about 100 hostages or 150 hostages in B'nai B'rith, about 100 or 50 hostages in the mosque. and another 50 or 70 at City Hall along with Mayor Barry. And people were killed. This was a serious situation. But the FBI had been in charge of this, and apparently they really screwed up. Their profile was wrong. They didn't really know what they were doing. So Earl called me up about midnight, and I came down in my usual uniform for hostage situation, which is blue jeans and a T-shirt.
59:49 And I saw three different ambassadors sitting there. One was Yahoo Khan, who was the general from Pakistan, a brilliant man. Arashiya Zahidi, also excellent, from Iran, and Gorbal, from Ambassador Gorbal from Egypt. All three intelligent, very learned individuals, and they were doing nothing there. So immediately, thanks to my background as a fiction writer and as a playwriter, I saw exactly what was missing. I needed to have voice which was not an American voice but basically had a more a Quranic overtone to it so I started... You got some Egyptian guy.
1:00:34 Well, not only an Egyptian, I had Iranian, I had a Shiite, Sunni and I had a Pakistani who was really quite formidable. And even though I didn't know the Quran, I knew the Quran had to have some notion of generosity and compassion. So I sat with the three ambassadors and I said, okay, I'm going to be the terrorist Khalis. That was his name. And I understood what he did and I had empathy for it. I didn't agree with his killing, but that nevertheless was a secondary issue. So I basically talked to the three ambassadors as if I were Khalees. And then I trained them to talk on the phone. I never got on the phone. The person who was in charge and did a brilliant job was a policeman by the name of Kholodain of the DC Police Department.
1:01:21 And he was the voice and in turn I would give him strategies and tactics and in turn we would send the ambassadors to see Khalis and talk about Quranic issues and you have to release the hostages. Well, be it as it may, 36 hours later, And after I had been ordered by Jimmy Carter, the president, to stand down and leave, I refused. And that was my first act of insubordination, possibly treason. And the answer was, no, I will not leave these hostages. I'm a physician. What was the plan when they said abort? What was the idea? Because the FBI had failed already after eight hours, and they felt that this was really not going to go anywhere and it would be a disaster anyway.
1:02:07 and he felt, you know, let it abort and there was nothing else to do. So I was ordered to stand down. Now I was a military officer, I was a DAS and I'm a physician, so I quickly switched to the role of saying, as a military officer you can put me up for treason, as a DAS you can fire me, but as an MD I'm going to stay here. So I really don't care what the president has to say. And for the next 10 hours we basically worked The phones and his mind to the degree he knew, Khalees knew he was being manipulated, but he could not stop it. And he said it on the phone. And that was the power of the ability to manipulate using the Quran and three different Muslim ambassadors.
1:02:54 And we were successful. And did you have to offer him anything like you did previously in these types of negotiations? No, I didn't offer him anything, but I did do the reverse. What I did at this time, and that was the first time I began to take away things. So I took away air, food, and I made his situation worse. And what I did was if he were to release 20 or 30 hostages, I would give him the air conditioning back. If he were to release another 20 or 30 hostages, I would give him food. But what was not known at the time, and we were concerned, was that there was napalm on the stairwell. And when I went to the head of the FBI unit, I said, look, you got a lot of scopes here and you've got a lot of, you know, snipers. And you don't want to shoot. I don't want you to shoot, but I do want you to go on a helicopter and rappel off of the helicopter on the roof so that you can get inside.
1:03:52 And the gentleman, I don't remember his name, but he was quite nice. He said, doctor, I got to tell you this. We can't repel. We don't know how to repel. Really? Well, if we repel we get dizzy. I said, oh my god now you're telling me so it was a total, you know, disaster for the FBI. Needless to say, of course, two years later the FBI had a movie on showing how well they did. Yes, of course, they nailed it. Yes, no doubt. So that was the beginning of understanding that and so these people were released. I was interviewed for the first time and I really normally don't get interviewed and I really didn't know